Cable glands are small, but they play an important role in protecting cables and making electrical systems safe. Whether used in buildings, factories, or outdoor equipment, cable glands secure cables and keep out dust, water, and other hazards. Without them, wires could get damaged or connections might fail, leading to safety issues or costly repairs.
There are different types of cable glands, each made for specific environments and cable types. Materials like brass, steel, aluminium, and plastic are used, and some are designed to be waterproof or to connect flexible hoses. Choosing the right gland depends on the location, cable size, and if extra protection is needed.
Key Takeaways
Cable glands protect and seal cables in many settings.
Choosing the right type and material keeps systems safe.
Installation and selection depend on cable size and environment.
What Are Cable Glands And Why Use Them?
A cable gland is a device that attaches and secures the end of an electrical cable to equipment. It seals and protects the cable as it passes through a panel or enclosure.
Cable glands have a simple but important job. They help to keep cables locked tightly in place. This stops the cable from pulling out, twisting, or suffering wear and tear.
Key purposes of cable glands:
Provide entry seals for cables
Stop dust, dirt, or water entering electrical panels
Offer strain relief so cables do not break or loosen
Support grounding or earthing if needed
They are used in many areas like industrial sites, outdoor equipment, buildings, and machines. Environments with moisture, dust, or chemicals often require cable glands for safety.
Main materials for cable glands include:
Material | Strengths |
Brass | Durable, corrosion resistant |
Plastic | Lightweight, non-conductive |
Stainless Steel | High strength, resists harsh conditions |
There are also special versions for different cables and hazards, such as flameproof or waterproof types.
Choosing the right cable gland ensures a safer, longer-lasting electrical system. It also keeps installations up to standard and protects valuable equipment from hazards.
How Do Cable Glands Work?
Cable glands play a key role in keeping electrical installations safe and organised. They attach to the ends of cables and help guide them into electrical equipment or panels. By doing so, they offer both mechanical and environmental protection.
A main job of a cable gland is to provide strain relief. This means they stop cables from being pulled out or damaged where they connect to devices. In busy industrial settings, where cables can be moved or tugged, this is very important.
Most cable glands create a tight seal around the cable using a rubber or plastic insert. This seal keeps out dust, water, and other things that could harm electrical systems. This is called ingress protection (IP) and is often shown as a rating, such as IP68.
Here are the main steps in how a cable gland works:
Step | Action |
Insertion | The cable is pushed through the gland body. |
Clamping | Tightening the gland clamps the cable. |
Sealing | An inner seal presses around the cable. |
Fixing | The gland attaches to the panel or housing. |
In addition, some cable glands help maintain electrical continuity. This means the gland allows safe grounding between the cable and the equipment.
Cable glands are widely used in electrical equipment across homes, offices, and industrial sites. They ensure cables last longer, stay secure, and help prevent failures in electrical systems.
What Materials Are Cable Glands Made From?
Cable glands are made from a range of metallic and non-metallic materials. The choice of material depends on the environment and specific use. Some materials offer better protection against corrosion or physical damage.
Common materials used:
Brass
Stainless steel
Aluminium
Nylon
PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
Many metal cable glands, such as brass cable glands or stainless steel cable glands, are chosen for their strength and durability. Brass is often used because it is reliable and resists corrosion, especially when nickel-plated. Stainless steel is known for its high corrosion resistance in harsh or outdoor environments. Aluminium is lighter but still offers good strength.
Non-metallic options like nylon cable glands and PVC are used when electrical insulation and resistance to chemicals are important. Nylon is lightweight, does not rust, and is easy to install. These materials are also cost-effective for many projects.
Material | Key Features | Common Uses |
Brass | Durable, corrosion resistant | Industrial settings |
Stainless steel | Excellent corrosion resistance | Marine, outdoor use |
Aluminium | Lightweight, moderate strength | General installations |
Nylon | Insulates, non-corrosive | Light-duty, indoor use |
PVC | Chemical resistance, low cost | Domestic wiring |
The choice of material must match the working environment. In corrosive or wet areas, corrosion-resistant materials like stainless steel are often the first choice. For less demanding spots, nylon or PVC might be more practical and affordable.
Main Types Of Cable Glands Explained
Cable glands come in many types suited for different cables and environments. Each type has its own design and purpose, making it important to choose the right one for each job.
Common types of cable glands include:
BW glands: Used mainly with armoured cables indoors. They provide earthing and mechanical cable retention.
CW glands: Suitable for armoured cables outdoors. They offer environmental sealing where the cable enters equipment boxes or panels.
Unarmoured cable glands: Designed for cables without metal armour, often used with flexible cords in less harsh conditions.
Table: Key Types Of Cable Glands
Type | Used For | Main Feature |
BW gland | Armoured, indoor | Earthing and grip |
CW gland | Armoured, outdoor | Environmental sealing |
Unarmoured gland | Non-armoured cables | Basic cable entry |
Some glands are made from metal such as brass or aluminium, while others use plastic for lighter duty needs.
Many cable glands also help protect against moisture, dust, and even chemicals, depending on their material and sealing.
Correct selection ensures both safety and cable lifespan. Always match the gland to the type of cable and environment for best results.
Single Vs Double Compression Glands
Single and double compression cable glands are both used to secure and seal cables as they enter electrical equipment, but they have key differences.
Single compression cable glands use a single seal at one point—usually around the cable's outer sheath. They are simple in design and best suited for indoor applications or areas with less risk of dust or water ingress.
Double compression cable glands provide a seal at two points: both around the inner core and the outer sheath or armour of the cable. This extra level of compression offers improved protection against moisture, dust, and mechanical strain.
Type | Sealing Points | Use Case | Typical Location |
Single Compression | Single | Light-duty, dry environments | Indoors, small units |
Double Compression | Double | Heavy-duty, outdoor, industrial | Power plants, factories |
Double compression cable glands are often used in power plants and factories. Their design reduces the risk of cable slippage and offers better protection in demanding or hazardous environments.
Key benefits of double compression glands include improved strain relief and enhanced sealing. This makes them suitable for cables with armoured sheathing.
Single compression glands remain a practical choice for less demanding areas. They are easier to install and more cost-effective for standard use.
Installers should always match the gland type to the level of protection required. Selecting the correct gland reduces maintenance and extends the lifespan of the cable system.
Key Thread Standards For Cable Glands
Cable glands use specific thread standards to ensure a proper fit and strong environmental sealing. The main types are Metric, PG, and NPT threads.
Metric threads follow DIN EN 60423 standards. They are commonly used in Europe and are known for their precision.
PG threads (Panzer-Gewinde) have a rounded profile and are traditional in older installations. They are less common today but still found in some equipment.
NPT threads (National Pipe Thread) are standard in the United States. They have a tapered form which helps create a tight seal.
Thread Type | Region | Standard | Key Feature |
Metric | Europe/Global | DIN EN 60423 | Precise straight |
PG | Germany/Global | DIN 40430 | Rounded profile |
NPT | USA/Global | ANSI/ASME B1.20.1 | Tapered, sealing |
These threads must match the corresponding knockout or entry hole in the enclosure. A mismatch can lead to a poor fit or failed sealing.
Cable glands provide ingress protection (IP), rating how well they block out dust and water. Higher ratings, like IP66 or IP68, mean better protection. IP68 glands can survive continuous submersion under defined conditions.
Some cable glands are certified for special environments. Look for marks and certification that confirm the correct ingress protection level.
Proper thread selection also affects the gland’s environmental sealing and protection level. Getting the right type is important for safe and durable installations.
How To Pick The Right Cable Gland For Your Job
Choosing the right cable gland starts with knowing the cable diameter. Measure the outer diameter of the cable carefully. The gland must fit snugly around the cable to keep a tight seal and maintain system integrity.
Cable type matters. Different glands are made for armoured, unarmoured, flexible, or data cables. Check the manufacturer’s type and size recommendations for a good match.
Temperature ratings are key. If the installation environment is subject to hot or cold conditions, select a gland with an operating temperature that matches the needs of your project. This helps prevent damage or failure.
Pressure rating is another factor. For environments with high or variable pressure, always check the pressure rating of the gland. It should match or exceed the system requirements.
Environmental conditions can affect your choice. For outdoor or wet installations, choose glands with IP or moisture ratings suited for the job. Stainless steel or brass options are often better for harsh conditions.
Below is a simple checklist:
Checklist Item | What to Look For |
Cable outer diameter | Matches gland size |
Cable type | Armoured, unarmoured, flexible |
Operating temperature | Suits your environment |
Pressure rating | Fits the system |
Protection (IP) rating | Needed for outdoor or wet zones |
Tip: Always refer to UK safety standards and manufacturer guidance when in doubt. Using the right gland improves safety and extends system life.
What Are Armoured (SWA) Cable Glands?
Armoured cable glands are special fittings made for use with armoured cables, which are often called SWA (Steel Wire Armoured) cables. These cables are commonly used in environments where extra protection against mechanical damage is needed, such as underground or outdoor installations.
An armoured cable gland connects the cable to equipment or enclosures. It holds the cable securely in place and keeps out dust, moisture, and dirt. For SWA cables, the gland also helps provide electrical continuity for earth (earthing) purposes.
Main Purposes of Armoured Cable Glands:
Secure the armoured cable firmly
Seal the cable entry against water, dust, and other elements
Provide electrical earthing (especially for steel wire armour)
Protect the cable from being pulled out or twisted
Key Parts:
Part | Function |
Main Body | Houses the cable and holds it in place |
Clamping Ring | Grips the armouring layer |
Seal (Gasket) | Blocks water and dust |
Locknut | Secures the gland to a box or panel |
The glands come in different materials like brass, steel, and plastic. The choice depends on the environment and level of protection needed.
To use an armoured cable gland, the installer strips the outer sheath, fits the gland, and ensures the steel wires touch the clamping ring. This makes sure the cable is both held tight and properly earthed.
Why Choose Waterproof Cable Glands?
Waterproof cable glands are designed to protect cables and connections from water and moisture. This waterproofing is important in outdoor and damp environments where liquid can cause damage.
These glands also offer strong protection against dust, dirt, and other contaminants. By keeping out debris, they help maintain safe and reliable electrical connections.
In many cases, waterproof cable glands provide environmental protection against rain, snow, and varying weather conditions. This makes them a good choice for use in gardens, factories, and exposed locations.
Key features of waterproof cable glands:
Feature | Description |
Waterproof | Prevents water from entering the enclosure |
Weatherproof | Protects against harsh weather |
Protection Against Dust | Keeps dirt and debris away from cables |
Environmental Protection | Shields electrical systems from outside hazards |
Some waterproof cable glands are also flameproof, helping to stop fire from spreading through cable entry points.
Common uses include outdoor lighting, industrial equipment, and marine systems. In these settings, protecting cables is crucial for long-lasting performance.
By choosing waterproof cable glands, companies reduce risks from moisture, dust, and other environmental dangers. This makes equipment safer and extends its lifespan.
Benefits Of Metal Cable Glands (Steel, Aluminium, Brass)
Metal cable glands—like those made from stainless steel, aluminium, and brass—are valued for their toughness in harsh settings. Their main strengths are resistance to corrosion, physical damage, and long-term reliability in industrial use.
When To Use Rubber Cable Glands
Metal cable glands stand out for their durability and lifespan. Stainless steel types provide superior corrosion and chemical resistance, making them best for marine, offshore, and food processing sectors. Brass cable glands are known for their high conductivity, robust construction, and reliability in heavy-duty industry. Aluminium cable glands offer a strong yet lightweight choice, suiting many commercial and industrial needs.
Plastic or rubber cable glands, on the other hand, are better for less demanding conditions. They are often chosen where vibration isolation and weather resistance are needed, but not for extreme environments that demand the longevity and reliability of metal options.
Material | Key Strengths | Typical Uses |
Stainless Steel | Corrosion, chemical resistance | Marine, food processing, chemical plants |
Brass | Conductivity, durability | Industrial, electrical installations |
Aluminium | Lightweight, sturdy | Commercial, general industrial |
Quick Guide: Installing A Cable Gland
Properly fitting a cable gland ensures safe and secure cable connections. Using the right tools and accessories helps protect against dust, moisture, and damage.
Step-By-Step: Fitting An Armoured Cable Gland
To fit an armoured cable gland, begin by preparing the cable. Strip the outer sheath with care, making sure not to nick the wire itself. Slide the gland’s brass nut, washer, and gland body onto the cable in the correct order.
Next, fix the gland body to the enclosure or panel and tighten it using a locking nut. Insert the exposed armour under the earth tag or cone, depending on your gland type. This ensures correct earthing and mechanical strength.
Rotate the gland’s main body and back nut to compress the rubber seal around the cable, keeping out dust and moisture. Confirm tightness using a spanner or wrench—gland accessories like spanners make installation easier.
Double-check all fittings are secure. Avoid over-tightening, as this can damage the cable or fittings. The cable gland is now installed and ready for use.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a cable gland?
A cable gland is a device that secures and seals the end of a cable to equipment. It protects the cable from dust, moisture, and mechanical strain, reducing the risk of short circuits. Some glands provide earthing or grounding, which is often needed in hazardous areas such as ATEX or IECEx certified sites.
How do I know my cable gland size?
The right cable gland size depends on the diameter of the cable and the thread type needed for installation. Measure the outer diameter of the cable's sheath, then check the manufacturer's sizing chart to match it with the appropriate gland. Using the correct size keeps seals tight and prolongs safe cable use.
What is the difference between metal and plastic cable glands?
Metal glands, such as those made from brass or stainless steel, are strong and offer greater mechanical protection. They are often used where durability is required or where earth continuity is needed. Plastic cable glands, usually made from nylon, are lightweight and resistant to corrosion, making them good for less demanding or non-corrosive environments.
When to use cable glands?
Cable glands are used whenever a cable enters a device, panel, or enclosure. They are essential for maintaining the integrity of enclosures by preventing dust and moisture entry. Cable glands are also required in hazardous locations, where ATEX or IECEx certified products help prevent risks of explosion or short circuit.
Can you put two cables in one gland?
It is not recommended to put two cables in one gland unless the gland is designed for that purpose. Using one gland for multiple cables can lead to poor sealing, cable damage, or even short circuits. Only use glands that list multi-cable entry as a feature.
Can you put old cables in recycling?
Most old cables, such as power and data cables, can be recycled at electronic waste recycling facilities. The metal cores, like copper or aluminium, are valuable for recycling. Check with local recycling centres for details, as not all sites accept cables.
What should I do with my old cable?
If a cable is still working, consider donating it for reuse. If it is damaged, take it to a certified recycling point. Proper disposal is important to prevent harm to the environment and reduce waste. Never burn cables, as burning releases toxic chemicals. Regular maintenance and correct disposal help keep electrical systems safe.
